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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Cyclic quadrilateral ABCDA B C D has side lengths AB=1,BC=2,CD=3A B=1, B C=2, C D=3 and DA=4D A=4. Points PP and QQ are the midpoints of BC\overline{B C} and DA\overline{D A}. Compute PQ2P Q^{2}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Construct AC,AQ,BQ,BD\overline{A C}, \overline{A Q}, \overline{B Q}, \overline{B D}, and let RR denote the intersection of AC\overline{A C} and BD\overline{B D}. Because ABCDA B C D is cyclic, we have that ABRDCR\triangle A B R \sim \triangle D C R and ADRBCR\triangle A D R \sim \triangle B C R. Thus, we may write AR=4x,BR=2x,CR=6x,DR=12xA R=4 x, B R=2 x, C R=6 x, D R=12 x. Now, Ptolemy applied to ABCDA B C D yields 140x2=13+24=11140 x^{2}=1 \cdot 3+2 \cdot 4=11. Now BQ\overline{B Q} is a median in triangle ABDA B D. Hence, BQ2=2BA2+2BD2AD24B Q^{2}=\frac{2 B A^{2}+2 B D^{2}-A D^{2}}{4}. Likewise, CQ2=2CA2+2CD2DA24C Q^{2}=\frac{2 C A^{2}+2 C D^{2}-D A^{2}}{4}. But PQP Q is a median in triangle BQCB Q C, so PQ2=2BQ2+2CQ2BC24=AB2+BD2+CD2+CA2BC2AD24=P Q^{2}=\frac{2 B Q^{2}+2 C Q^{2}-B C^{2}}{4}=\frac{A B^{2}+B D^{2}+C D^{2}+C A^{2}-B C^{2}-A D^{2}}{4}= (196+100)x2+12+3222424=148x252=1481114052=11635\frac{(196+100) x^{2}+1^{2}+3^{2}-2^{2}-4^{2}}{4}=\frac{148 x^{2}-5}{2}=\frac{148 \cdot \frac{11}{140}-5}{2}=\frac{116}{35}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.