To find all integer pairs (m,n) such that there exist two monic polynomials P(x) and Q(x) with degP=m and degQ=n satisfying P(Q(t))=Q(P(t)) for any real number t, we analyze the given conditions and cases.
### Analysis:
1. **Case (m,n)=(1,1):**
- If P(x)=x+a and Q(x)=x+b, then P(Q(x))=Q(P(x))=x+a+b. Thus, P(Q(t))=Q(P(t)) for any t.
2. **Case (m,n)=(2k,1) or (1,2k):**
- Let P(x)=xm+a and Q(x)=x+b. Then P(Q(x))=(x+b)m+a and Q(P(x))=xm+a+b. Since m is even, P(Q(x))−Q(P(x)) will have an odd degree term, ensuring there exists a real t such that P(Q(t))=Q(P(t)).
3. **Case where (m,n)=(1,1),(1,2k),(2k,1):
- Subcase 1: At least one of m or n is even.**
- Without loss of generality, assume n is even. Choose P(x)=xm and Q(x)=xn+3. Then,
P(Q(x))−Q(P(x))=(xn+3)m−xmn−3
is a polynomial with nonnegative coefficients and only even degrees, with a positive constant term. Hence, P(Q(x))−Q(P(x))>0 for all x∈R.
- **Subcase 2: Both m and n are odd.**
- Assume m>1. Choose P(x)=xm and Q(x)=xn+3. Then,
P(Q(x))−Q(P(x))=(xn+3)m−xmn−3
can be shown to be positive for all x∈R using properties of sums of powers and polynomial inequalities.
### Conclusion:
The integer pairs (m,n) such that P(Q(t))=Q(P(t)) for any real number t are all pairs except (1,1), (1,2k), and (2k,1).
The answer is: All pairs except (1,1),(1,2k),(2k,1).