AlgebraDifficulty 7.4National olympiad, round 2Find the answer
Suppose ai,bi,ci,i=1,2,⋯,n, are 3n real numbers in the interval [0,1]. Define S={(i,j,k)∣ai+bj+ck<1},T={(i,j,k)∣ai+bj+ck>2}. Now we know that ∣S∣≥2018,∣T∣≥2018. Try to find the minimal possible value of n.
A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.
Solution
Suppose ai,bi,ci for i=1,2,…,n are 3n real numbers in the interval [0,1]. Define the sets S={(i,j,k)∣ai+bj+ck<1} and T={(i,j,k)∣ai+bj+ck>2}. We are given that ∣S∣≥2018 and ∣T∣≥2018. We aim to find the minimal possible value of n.
To establish a lower bound for n, consider the projections of the sets S and T onto the coordinate planes. Note that Sxy∩Txy=∅, meaning that no pair (ai,bj) can simultaneously satisfy ai+bj+ck<1 and ai+bj+ck>2 for any ck.
Thus, we have the inequalities: ∣Sxy∣+∣Txy∣≤n2,∣Syz∣+∣Tyz∣≤n2,∣Szx∣+∣Tzx∣≤n2.
Applying the Projection Inequality and Hölder's Inequality, we obtain: 2⋅20182/3≤∣S∣2/3+∣T∣2/3≤∣Sxy∣1/3⋅∣Syz∣1/3⋅∣Szx∣1/3+∣Txy∣1/3⋅∣Tyz∣1/3⋅∣Tzx∣1/3≤(∣Sxy∣+∣Txy∣)1/3(∣Syz∣+∣Tyz∣)1/3(∣Szx∣+∣Tzx∣)1/3≤n2.
Solving for n, we get: 2⋅20182/3≤n2⟹n≥2⋅20181/3≈17.8.
Thus, the minimal possible value of n is: n≥18.
The answer is: \boxed{18}.
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