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Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Find the number of positive integer solutions to nx+ny=nzn^{x}+n^{y}=n^{z} with nz<2001n^{z}<2001.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

If n=1n=1, the relation can not hold, so assume otherwise. If x>yx>y, the left hand side factors as ny(nxy+1)n^{y}\left(n^{x-y}+1\right) so nxy+1n^{x-y}+1 is a power of nn. But it leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by nn and is greater than 1, a contradiction. We reach a similar contradiction if y>xy>x. So y=xy=x and 2nx=nz2 n^{x}=n^{z}, so 2 is a power of nn and n=2n=2. So all solutions are of the form 2x+2x=2x+12^{x}+2^{x}=2^{x+1}, which holds for all xx. 2x+1<20012^{x+1}<2001 implies x<11x<11, so there are 10 solutions.

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