Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /246 of 860

Geometry Difficulty 5.0 AIME, harder Find the answer

Given two distinct points A,BA, B and line \ell that is not perpendicular to ABA B, what is the maximum possible number of points PP on \ell such that ABPA B P is an isosceles triangle?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

In an isosceles triangle, one vertex lies on the perpendicular bisector of the opposite side. Thus, either PP is the intersection of ABA B and \ell, or PP lies on the circle centered at AA with radius ABA B, or PP lies on the circle centered at BB with radius ABA B. Each circle-line intersection has at most two solutions, and the line-line intersection has at most one, giving 5. This can be easily constructed by taking any AB\overline{A B}, and taking \ell that isn't a diameter but intersects both relevant circles twice.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.