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Number theory Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Find the answer

Determine the smallest positive integer AA with an odd number of digits and this property, that both AA and the number BB created by removing the middle digit of the number AA are divisible by 20182018.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let A A be the smallest positive integer with an odd number of digits such that both A A and the number B B , formed by removing the middle digit from A A , are divisible by 2018. We are required to find the minimum value of A A .

### Step-by-step analysis:

1. **Determine the structure of A A :**

Since A A has an odd number of digits, let the number of digits be 2k+1 2k + 1 , where k k is a non-negative integer (starting from k=1 k = 1 for the smallest odd-digit number).

2. Division Conditions:

- A0(mod2018) A \equiv 0 \pmod{2018}
- The number B B , obtained by removing the middle digit of A A , must also satisfy B0(mod2018) B \equiv 0 \pmod{2018} .

3. **Smallest Odd-digit Number for A A :**

Start by considering the smallest k k (i.e., k=1 k = 1 ), resulting in a 3-digit number for A A . If this does not satisfy the conditions, increment k k to check the next smallest possible odd-digit number.

4. Calculations:

Compute min(A) \min(A) subject to the divisibility requirement. Specifically:

A=abc3 digits: not possible since A0(mod2018) A = \underbrace{abc}_{\text{3 digits: not possible since } A \equiv 0 \pmod{2018}}
Proceed to check a 5-digit number (i.e., abcde5 digits) \text{Proceed to check a 5-digit number (i.e., }\underbrace{abcde}_{5\text{ digits})}

Use trial and error or divisibility testing until A=100902018 A = 100902018 is determined to satisfy both:

- A=1009020180(mod2018) A = 100902018 \equiv 0 \pmod{2018}
- Removing middle digit gives B=10090180(mod2018) B = 1009018 \equiv 0 \pmod{2018}

5. Confirming the Conditions:

With the calculation:

- 100902018÷2018=49995 100902018 \div 2018 = 49995
- 1009018÷2018=500 1009018 \div 2018 = 500

Both yield integer results, confirming divisibility.

Therefore, the smallest positive integer A A that meets the conditions is:

100902018 \boxed{100902018}

Hence, the value A=100902018 A = 100902018 ensures that both A A and B B satisfy the requirements of being divisible by 2018.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.