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Algebra Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Find the answer

Let s(n)s (n) denote the sum of digits of a positive integer nn. Using six different digits, we formed three 2-digits p,q,rp, q, r such that pqs(r)=ps(q)r=s(p)qr.p \cdot q \cdot s(r) = p\cdot s(q) \cdot r = s (p) \cdot q \cdot r. Find all such numbers p,q,rp, q, r.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

To find the numbers p,q,r p, q, r that satisfy the given conditions, we follow these steps:

Start by examining the conditions provided in the problem:
1. pqs(r)=ps(q)r p \cdot q \cdot s(r) = p \cdot s(q) \cdot r
2. ps(q)r=s(p)qr p \cdot s(q) \cdot r = s(p) \cdot q \cdot r

Since each of p,q,r p, q, r is a two-digit number formed using six different digits, it follows that:
- p=10a+b p = 10a + b
- q=10c+d q = 10c + d
- r=10e+f r = 10e + f

The digit sum for each is:
- s(p)=a+b s(p) = a + b
- s(q)=c+d s(q) = c + d
- s(r)=e+f s(r) = e + f

### Setting Up Equations

Given the equality:
pqs(r)=ps(q)r p \cdot q \cdot s(r) = p \cdot s(q) \cdot r
we can simplify to:
qs(r)=s(q)r q \cdot s(r) = s(q) \cdot r

Similarly, using the second equality:
ps(q)r=s(p)qr p \cdot s(q) \cdot r = s(p) \cdot q \cdot r
we can simplify to:
ps(q)=s(p)q p \cdot s(q) = s(p) \cdot q

### Solving the System of Equations

From these simplified forms, we have:
q(e+f)=(c+d)r q \cdot (e + f) = (c + d) \cdot r
p(c+d)=(a+b)q p \cdot (c + d) = (a + b) \cdot q

### Check Possible Combinations

Given p,q,r p, q, r must utilize distinct digits, we will check possible combinations of such digits while solving:
- Assume p=12 p = 12 , q=36 q = 36 , and r=48 r = 48 .

Check the digit sums:
- s(p)=1+2=3 s(p) = 1 + 2 = 3
- s(q)=3+6=9 s(q) = 3 + 6 = 9
- s(r)=4+8=12 s(r) = 4 + 8 = 12

Substitute into the equality conditions:
123612=12948and12948=33648 12 \cdot 36 \cdot 12 = 12 \cdot 9 \cdot 48 \quad \text{and} \quad 12 \cdot 9 \cdot 48 = 3 \cdot 36 \cdot 48
Both satisfy the conditions.

Similarly, examine p=21 p = 21 , q=63 q = 63 , and r=84 r = 84 .

Check the digit sums:
- s(p)=2+1=3 s(p) = 2 + 1 = 3
- s(q)=6+3=9 s(q) = 6 + 3 = 9
- s(r)=8+4=12 s(r) = 8 + 4 = 12

Substitute into the equality conditions:
216312=21984and21984=36384 21 \cdot 63 \cdot 12 = 21 \cdot 9 \cdot 84 \quad \text{and} \quad 21 \cdot 9 \cdot 84 = 3 \cdot 63 \cdot 84
Both satisfy the conditions.

### Conclusion

The solutions are:
(12,36,48),(21,63,84) \boxed{(12, 36, 48), (21, 63, 84)}

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.