Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

ABCDA B C D is a cyclic quadrilateral with sides AB=10,BC=8,CD=25A B=10, B C=8, C D=25, and DA=12D A=12. A circle ω\omega is tangent to segments DA,ABD A, A B, and BCB C. Find the radius of ω\omega.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Denote EE an intersection point of ADA D and BCB C. Let x=EAx=E A and y=EBy=E B. Because ABCDA B C D is a cyclic quadrilateral, EAB\triangle E A B is similar to ECD\triangle E C D. Therefore, y+8x=2510\frac{y+8}{x}=\frac{25}{10} and x+12y=2510\frac{x+12}{y}=\frac{25}{10}. We get x=12821x=\frac{128}{21} and y=15221y=\frac{152}{21}. Note that ω\omega is the EE-excircle of EAB\triangle E A B, so we may finish by standard calculations. Indeed, first we compute the semiperimeter s=EA+AB+BE2=x+y+102=353s=\frac{E A+A B+B E}{2}=\frac{x+y+10}{2}=\frac{35}{3}. Now the radius of ω\omega is (by Heron's formula for area) rE=[EAB]sAB=s(sx)(sy)s10=12097=84637r_{E}=\frac{[E A B]}{s-A B}=\sqrt{\frac{s(s-x)(s-y)}{s-10}}=\sqrt{\frac{1209}{7}}=\frac{\sqrt{8463}}{7}

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