Let be the set of divisors of . Find all natural such that it is possible to split into two disjoint sets and , both containing at least three elements each, such that the elements in form an arithmetic progression while the elements in form a geometric progression.
Solution
Let be the set of divisors of . We need to find all natural numbers such that it is possible to split into two disjoint sets and , both containing at least three elements each, where the elements in form an arithmetic progression and the elements in form a geometric progression.
We will analyze two main cases:
### Case 1:
Suppose for some integer .
#### Subcase 1a:
If , then for some . However, this implies that and are consecutive terms in the arithmetic progression, which leads to a contradiction because their greatest common divisor must be 1, but is a multiple of .
#### Subcase 1b:
If , then the least common multiple of the elements in must divide . If , then contains , which contradicts the disjointness of and . If , then for must belong to , but this leads to further contradictions regarding the divisibility and properties of the elements in and .
### Case 2:
Suppose .
#### Subcase 2a:
If , then must not be prime, as otherwise and would not be disjoint. Let be the smallest divisor of greater than 1. Then must contain and other elements forming an arithmetic progression. However, this leads to contradictions regarding the divisibility and properties of the elements in and .
#### Subcase 2b:
If , then for some , . This implies divides , leading to , which implies , contradicting the requirement that must contain at least three elements.
After analyzing all possible cases, we conclude that there are no natural numbers that satisfy the given conditions.
The answer is: \boxed{\text{No such } n \text{ exists}}.