Compute the value of 125+224+323+…+242+251. If your answer is A and the correct answer is C, then your score on this problem will be ⌊25min((CA)2,(AC)2)⌋.
A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.
Solution
The sum is extremely unimodal, so we want to approximate it using its largest term. Taking logs of each term, we see that the max occurs when (26−n)logn peaks, and taking derivatives gives x+xlogx=26. From here it's easy to see that the answer is around 10, and slightly less (it's actually about 8.3, but in any case it's hard to find powers of anything except 10). Thus the largest term will be something like 1016, which is already an order of magnitude within the desired answer 6.6×1016. To do better we'd really need to understand the behavior of the function x26−x, but what approximately happens is that only the four or five largest terms in the sum are of any substantial size; thus it is reasonable here to pick some constant from 4 to 20 to multiply our guess 1016; any guess between 4.0×1016 and 2.0×1017 is reasonable.
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Source: Omni-MATH,
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