Let f:R→R be a function satisfying the functional equation:
(f(x)+y)(f(y)+x)=f(x2)+f(y2)+2f(xy)
for all x,y∈R.
We aim to find all such functions f.
### Step 1: Substitution and Simplification
First, substitute y=0 into the given equation:
(f(x)+0)(f(0)+x)=f(x2)+f(02)+2f(0)
Simplifying, we have:
f(x)f(0)+xf(x)=f(x2)+f(0)+2f(0)
f(x)f(0)+xf(x)=f(x2)+3f(0)
### Step 2: Analyzing Special Cases
Assume f(0)=0. The equation simplifies to:
xf(x)=f(x2)
Now substitute y=−x:
(f(x)−x)(f(−x)+x)=f(x2)+f(x2)+2f(−x2)
(f(x)−x)(f(−x)+x)=2f(x2)+2f(x2)
Since xf(x)=f(x2), the above equation becomes 0=0, which does not provide new information, but is consistent.
### Step 3: Full Solution
Substitute x=y=0:
f(0)2=3f(0)
From this, f(0)=0.
Now, assuming f(x)=x is a candidate solution. Substitute f(x)=x into the original equation:
((x)+y)((y)+x)=(x2)+(y2)+2(xy)
which simplifies directly to:
(x+y)(x+y)=x2+y2+2xy
which confirms that:
x2+2xy+y2=x2+y2+2xy
Hence, f(x)=x satisfies the equation.
Thus, the only function satisfying the given functional equation is:
f(x)=x for all x∈R