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Let R+R^+ be the set of positive real numbers. Determine all functions f:R+f:R^+ \rightarrow R+R^+ such that for all positive real numbers xx and y:y:
f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x)f(y)+1f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x)f(y)+1

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A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Let R+ R^+ be the set of positive real numbers. We need to determine all functions f:R+R+ f: R^+ \rightarrow R^+ such that for all positive real numbers x x and y y , the following equation holds:
f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x)f(y)+1 f(x + f(xy)) + y = f(x)f(y) + 1

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. Assumption and Simplification:

Let's assume that f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 and check if it satisfies the given functional equation. We substitute f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 into the left-hand side of the equation:
f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x+xy+1)+y=(x+xy+1+1)+y=x+xy+2+y f(x + f(xy)) + y = f(x + xy + 1) + y = (x + xy + 1 + 1) + y = x + xy + 2 + y

Similarly, substitute f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 into the right-hand side:
f(x)f(y)+1=(x+1)(y+1)+1=xy+x+y+1+1=x+xy+y+2 f(x)f(y) + 1 = (x + 1)(y + 1) + 1 = xy + x + y + 1 + 1 = x + xy + y + 2

Since both sides are equal, the function f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 satisfies the given equation.

2. Verification and Uniqueness:

To ensure that this is the only possible function, we need to verify whether there could be another function satisfying the given equation. Assume there exists another function g(x) g(x) such that:
g(x+g(xy))+y=g(x)g(y)+1 g(x + g(xy)) + y = g(x)g(y) + 1

Substitute g(x)=f(x)=x+1 g(x) = f(x) = x + 1 , we have already shown this satisfies the equation. To show uniqueness, consider evaluating the equation with specific values:

- **Setting y=1 y = 1 **:
f(x+f(x))+1=f(x)f(1)+1 f(x + f(x)) + 1 = f(x)f(1) + 1
Since f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 , this simplifies to:
f(x+x+1)+1=(x+1)(1+1)+1f(2x+1)+1=2x+2+1 f(x + x + 1) + 1 = (x+1)(1+1) + 1 \rightarrow f(2x+1) + 1 = 2x + 2 + 1
Simplifying gives:
2x+2+1=2x+3 2x + 2 + 1 = 2x + 3
Since this holds true, it reinforces that f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 is consistent.

- **Setting x=1 x = 1 **:
f(1+f(y))+y=f(1)f(y)+1 f(1 + f(y)) + y = f(1)f(y) + 1
Simplifies to:
f(1+y+1)+y=(1+1)(y+1)+1f(y+2)+y=2y+2+1 f(1 + y + 1) + y = (1+1)(y+1) + 1 \rightarrow f(y + 2) + y = 2y + 2 + 1
This also simplifies correctly showing consistency as before.

Given the consistency in all specific substitutions, the function f(x)=x+1 f(x) = x + 1 is uniquely defined to satisfy the functional equation for all positive real numbers x,y x, y .

### Conclusion:

The only function that satisfies the given equation is:
f(x)=x+1 \boxed{f(x) = x + 1}

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