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Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Find the answer

Let ABCDA B C D be a quadrilateral with an inscribed circle ω\omega that has center II. If IA=5,IB=7,IC=4,ID=9I A=5, I B=7, I C=4, I D=9, find the value of ABCD\frac{A B}{C D}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

The II-altitudes of triangles AIBA I B and CIDC I D are both equal to the radius of ω\omega, hence have equal length. Therefore [AIB][CID]=ABCD\frac{[A I B]}{[C I D]}=\frac{A B}{C D}. Also note that [AIB]=IAIBsinAIB[A I B]=I A \cdot I B \cdot \sin A I B and [CID]=ICIDsinCID[C I D]=I C \cdot I D \cdot \sin C I D, but since lines IA,IB,IC,IDI A, I B, I C, I D bisect angles DAB,ABC,BCD,CDA\angle D A B, \angle A B C, \angle B C D, \angle C D A respectively we have that AIB+CID=(180IABIBA)+(180ICDIDC)=180\angle A I B+\angle C I D=\left(180^{\circ}-\angle I A B-\angle I B A\right)+\left(180^{\circ}-\angle I C D-\angle I D C\right)=180^{\circ}. So, sinAIB=sinCID\sin A I B=\sin C I D. Therefore [AIB][CID]=IAIBICID\frac{[A I B]}{[C I D]}=\frac{I A \cdot I B}{I C \cdot I D}. Hence ABCD=IAIBICID=3536\frac{A B}{C D}=\frac{I A \cdot I B}{I C \cdot I D}=\frac{35}{36}

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