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Number theory Difficulty 5.0 AIME Find the answer

Find any quadruple of positive integers (a,b,c,d)(a, b, c, d) satisfying a3+b4+c5=d11a^{3}+b^{4}+c^{5}=d^{11} and abc<105a b c<10^{5}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

It's easy to guess that there are solutions such that a,b,c,da, b, c, d are in the form of nxn^{x}, where nn is a rather small number. After a few attempts, we can see that we obtain simple equations when n=2n=2 or n=3n=3 : for n=2n=2, the equation becomes in the form of 2t+2t+2t+1=2t+22^{t}+2^{t}+2^{t+1}=2^{t+2} for some non-negative integer tt; for n=3n=3, the equation becomes in the form of 3t+3t+3t=3t+13^{t}+3^{t}+3^{t}=3^{t+1} for some non-negative integer tt. In the first case, we hope that tt is a multiple of two of 3,4,53,4,5, that t+1t+1 is a multiple of the last one, and that t+2t+2 is a multiple of 11 . Therefore, t15,20,24(mod60)t \equiv 15,20,24(\bmod 60) and t9(mod11)t \equiv 9(\bmod 11). It's easy to check that the only solution that satisfies the given inequality is the solution with t=20t=20, and (a,b,c,d)=(128,32,16,4)(a, b, c, d)=(128,32,16,4). In the case where n=3n=3, we must have that tt is a multiple of 60 , which obviously doesn't satisfy the inequality restriction. Remark: By programming, we find that the only two solutions are (a,b,c,d)=(128,32,16,4)(a, b, c, d)=(128,32,16,4) and (a,b,c,d)=(160,16,8,4)(a, b, c, d)=(160,16,8,4), with the the former being the intended solution.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.