Alice thinks of four positive integers satisfying . What are all the possible tuples that Alice could be thinking of?
Solution
Since , the largest sum among will be the one with the largest difference between the two quantities, so . Consider the sum of each pair of equations, which gives . Since each of these are pairs summing to , by looking at the discriminant of the quadratics with roots and and , and and , we have that must be perfect squares. Therefore, we need to find all arithmetic progressions of three squares with common difference 120. The equation has as a solution, and so the only possibility is . This implies that . We now need to verify this works. Note that this implies . Therefore, . This means that is even, so . This gives us is the only possibility, as desired.
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