Let be a set, . A set of mappings from to itself is called to be satisfying property , if for any , there exist (not necessarily different), such that .
Find the least positive integer , such that if satisfies property , then it also satisfies property .
Solution
Let be a set with . A set of mappings from to itself is said to satisfy property if for any , there exist (not necessarily different) such that .
We aim to find the least positive integer such that if satisfies property , then it also satisfies property .
To determine this, consider a minimal length sequence of mappings such that for fixed . Denote , with .
Let be the unordered pair . The key claim is that are all distinct, and is the only pair consisting of two equal elements. If there exist two equal pairs and (where ), we can use the functions instead to obtain equal final values, contradicting the assumption that is a minimal length sequence.
Hence, the maximum length of the sequence is at most the number of unordered pairs of distinct elements, which is exactly .
To construct such a sequence, let and define two mappings and as follows:
Using these functions on , we apply 34 times to turn into , then apply to turn it into . Repeating this process another 16 times yields after functions.
Thus, the least positive integer such that if satisfies property , then it also satisfies property is .
The answer is: .