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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Tetrahedron ABCDA B C D with volume 1 is inscribed in circumsphere ω\omega such that AB=AC=AD=2A B=A C=A D=2 and BCCDDB=16B C \cdot C D \cdot D B=16. Find the radius of ω\omega.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Let XX be the foot of the perpendicular from AA to BCD\triangle B C D. Since AB=AC=ADA B=A C=A D, it follows that XX is the circumcenter of BCD\triangle B C D. Denote XB=XC=XD=rX B=X C=X D=r. By the Pythagorean Theorem on ABX\triangle A B X, we have AX=4r2A X=\sqrt{4-r^{2}}. Now, from the extended law of sines on BCD\triangle B C D, we have the well-known identity BCCDDB4r=[BCD]\frac{B C \cdot C D \cdot D B}{4 r}=[B C D] where [BCD][B C D] denotes the area of BCD\triangle B C D. However, we have V=13AX[BCD]V=\frac{1}{3} A X \cdot[B C D] where VV is the volume of ABCDA B C D, which yields the expression [BCD]=34r2[B C D]=\frac{3}{\sqrt{4-r^{2}}} Now, given that BCCDDB=16B C \cdot C D \cdot D B=16, we have 4r=34r2\frac{4}{r}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{4-r^{2}}} Solving, we get r=85r=\frac{8}{5}. Now, let OO be the center of ω\omega. Since OB=OC=ODO B=O C=O D, it follows that the foot of the perpendicular from OO to BCD\triangle B C D must also be the circumcenter of BCD\triangle B C D, which is XX. Thus, A,X,OA, X, O are collinear. Let RR be the radius of ω\omega. Then we have R=OA=OX+XA=R2r2+4r2=R26425+65\begin{aligned} R & =O A \\ & =O X+X A \\ & =\sqrt{R^{2}-r^{2}}+\sqrt{4-r^{2}} \\ & =\sqrt{R^{2}-\frac{64}{25}}+\frac{6}{5} \end{aligned} Solving, we get R=53R=\frac{5}{3}. (Note: solving for RR from OA=OXXAO A=O X-X A gives a negative value for RR.)

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