A positive integer is if there exists integers not necessarily distinct such that the sum and the product of this integers are equal to . How many positive integers less than or equal to are ?
Solution
We are tasked with determining how many positive integers are , which means can be expressed with integers such that both the sum and the product of these integers equal .
To solve this problem, let's first consider the sequence of integers that can satisfy the condition. Suppose we have integers such that:
For this to hold, one straightforward solution is to set of these integers to be 1, and the last integer to be . This leads us to the sequence of all ones:
This sequence sums to and the product is also 1, which equals when .
However, to meet the criteria for other values of , let us consider a more practical setup. If we have ones and one last integer such that:
This equates to:
The product is:
This is also satisfied if all but one integer are 1, and the last , which corresponds to consideting:
Thus, integers are specifically when they can also be expressed as sequences of ones and a single additional . This usually occurs with even numbers greater than 2.
Reinterpreting this pattern across all up to 2022, you can identify that all even numbers , where is a positive integer, will fit this description since they allow such balanced sequences of contributing numbers. The even numbers less than or equal to 2022 range from 2 to 2022, inclusively.
Hence, considering the values:
We establish the total number of terms in this sequence by using an arithmetic progression formula where each difference between terms is 2. Finally,
The number of integers less than or equal to 2022 is therefore: