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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Find the answer

Simplify the product m=1100n=1100xn+m+xn+m+2+x2n+1+x2m+1x2n+2xn+m+x2m\prod_{m=1}^{100} \prod_{n=1}^{100} \frac{x^{n+m}+x^{n+m+2}+x^{2 n+1}+x^{2 m+1}}{x^{2 n}+2 x^{n+m}+x^{2 m}} Express your answer in terms of xx.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

We notice that the numerator and denominator of each term factors, so the product is equal to m=1100n=1100(xm+xn+1)(xm+1+xn)(xm+xn)2\prod_{m=1}^{100} \prod_{n=1}^{100} \frac{(x^{m}+x^{n+1})(x^{m+1}+x^{n})}{(x^{m}+x^{n})^{2}} Each term of the numerator cancels with a term of the denominator except for those of the form (xm+x101)(x^{m}+x^{101}) and (x101+xn)(x^{101}+x^{n}) for m,n=1,,100m, n=1, \ldots, 100, and the terms in the denominator which remain are of the form (x1+xn)(x^{1}+x^{n}) and (x1+xm)(x^{1}+x^{m}) for m,n=1,,100m, n=1, \ldots, 100. Thus the product simplifies to (m=1100xm+x101x1+xm)2\left(\prod_{m=1}^{100} \frac{x^{m}+x^{101}}{x^{1}+x^{m}}\right)^{2} Reversing the order of the factors of the numerator, we find this is equal to (m=1100x101m+x101x1+xm)2=(m=1100x100mx1+xm+1x1+xm)2=(x1+x101x1+x1m=1100x100m)2=(x991002)2(1+x1002)2\begin{aligned} \left(\prod_{m=1}^{100} \frac{x^{101-m}+x^{101}}{x^{1}+x^{m}}\right)^{2} & =\left(\prod_{m=1}^{100} x^{100-m} \frac{x^{1}+x^{m+1}}{x^{1}+x^{m}}\right)^{2} \\ & =\left(\frac{x^{1}+x^{101}}{x^{1}+x^{1}} \prod_{m=1}^{100} x^{100-m}\right)^{2} \\ & =\left(x^{\frac{99 \cdot 100}{2}}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{1+x^{100}}{2}\right)^{2} \end{aligned} as desired.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.