Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 4.9 AIME Find the answer

(a) Does i=1p11i0(modp2)\sum_{i=1}^{p-1} \frac{1}{i} \equiv 0\left(\bmod p^{2}\right) for all odd prime numbers pp? (Note that 1i\frac{1}{i} denotes the number such that i1i1(modp2))\left.i \cdot \frac{1}{i} \equiv 1\left(\bmod p^{2}\right)\right) (b) Do there exist 2017 positive perfect cubes that sum to a perfect cube? (c) Does there exist a right triangle with rational side lengths and area 5? (d) A magic square is a 3×33 \times 3 grid of numbers, all of whose rows, columns, and major diagonals sum to the same value. Does there exist a magic square whose entries are all prime numbers? (e) Is pp2+1p21=22+122132+132152+152172+1721\prod_{p} \frac{p^{2}+1}{p^{2}-1}=\frac{2^{2}+1}{2^{2}-1} \cdot \frac{3^{2}+1}{3^{2}-1} \cdot \frac{5^{2}+1}{5^{2}-1} \cdot \frac{7^{2}+1}{7^{2}-1} \cdot \ldots a rational number? (f) Do there exist an infinite number of pairs of distinct integers (a,b)(a, b) such that aa and bb have the same set of prime divisors, and a+1a+1 and b+1b+1 also have the same set of prime divisors?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Answer: NYYYYY

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