The rank of a rational number is the unique for which , where each is the smallest positive integer such that . Let be the largest rational number less than \frac{1}{4}q. Find the ordered triple \left(a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}\right).
Solution
Suppose that and were rational numbers of rank 3 less than , and let be positive integers so that and are the expressions for and as stated in the problem. If then . In other words, of all the rationals less than with rank 3, those that have are greater than those that have Therefore we can "build" greedily, adding the largest unit fraction that keeps less than : is the largest unit fraction less than , hence ; is the largest unit fraction less than , hence ; is the largest unit fraction less than , hence .
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