Suppose we have an (infinite) cone with apex and a plane . The intersection of and is an ellipse with major axis , such that is closer to than , and . Suppose we inscribe a sphere in each part of cut up by with both spheres tangent to . What is the ratio of the radii of the spheres (smaller to larger)?
Solution
It can be seen that the points of tangency of the spheres with must lie on its major axis due to symmetry. Hence, we consider the two-dimensional cross-section with plane . Then the two spheres become the incentre and the excentre of the triangle , and we are looking for the ratio of the inradius to the exradius. Let denote the semiperimeter, inradius, and exradius (opposite to ) of the triangle . We know that the area of can be expressed as both and , and so . For the given triangle, and , so the required ratio is .
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.