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Geometry Difficulty 5.0 AIME Find the answer

ABA B is a diameter of circle O.XO . X is a point on ABA B such that AX=3BXA X=3 B X. Distinct circles ω1\omega_{1} and ω2\omega_{2} are tangent to OO at T1T_{1} and T2T_{2} and to ABA B at XX. The lines T1XT_{1} X and T2XT_{2} X intersect OO again at S1S_{1} and S2S_{2}. What is the ratio T1T2S1S2\frac{T_{1} T_{2}}{S_{1} S_{2}}?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Since the problem only deals with ratios, we can assume that the radius of OO is 1. As we have proven in Problem 5, points S1S_{1} and S2S_{2} are midpoints of arc ABA B. Since ABA B is a diameter, S1S2S_{1} S_{2} is also a diameter, and thus S1S2=2S_{1} S_{2}=2. Let O1,O2O_{1}, O_{2}, and PP denote the center of circles ω1,ω2\omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, and OO. Since ω1\omega_{1} is tangent to OO, we have PO1+O1X=1P O_{1}+O_{1} X=1. But O1XABO_{1} X \perp A B. So PO1X\triangle P O_{1} X is a right triangle, and O1X2+XP2=O1P2O_{1} X^{2}+X P^{2}=O_{1} P^{2}. Thus, O1X2+1/4=(1O1X)2O_{1} X^{2}+1 / 4=\left(1-O_{1} X\right)^{2}, which means O1X=38O_{1} X=\frac{3}{8} and O1P=58O_{1} P=\frac{5}{8}. Since T1T2O1O2T_{1} T_{2} \parallel O_{1} O_{2}, we have T1T2=O1O2PT1PO1=2O1XPT1PO1=2(38)15/8=65T_{1} T_{2}=O_{1} O_{2} \cdot \frac{P T_{1}}{P O_{1}}=2 O_{1} X \cdot \frac{P T_{1}}{P O_{1}}=2\left(\frac{3}{8}\right) \frac{1}{5 / 8}=\frac{6}{5}. Thus T1T2S1S2=6/52=35\frac{T_{1} T_{2}}{S_{1} S_{2}}=\frac{6 / 5}{2}=\frac{3}{5}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.