Find all polynomials with integer coefficients such that for all real numbers and , if and are both integers, then is also an integer.
Solution
To find all polynomials with integer coefficients that satisfy the given condition, we analyze the condition: if and are integers for real numbers and , then must also be an integer.
### Step 1: Analyze the Degree of Polynomial
Assume where are integer coefficients.
The condition implies that for any real numbers and , if and are integers, then is also an integer. Consider the simplest cases:
- Constant Polynomial: If (a constant polynomial), then clearly , which is an integer. Thus, constant polynomials satisfy the condition.
- Linear Polynomial: Consider .
- If and are integers, must also be an integer. This imposes no new constraints as are integers.
### Step 2: Consider Higher Degree Polynomials
- If with , analyze whether such a polynomial can satisfy the condition:
- Let and .
- The multiplication condition being an integer suggests that formulating such a polynomial while maintaining integer values involves specific form.
A key insight here is that the presence of cross-terms in the polynomial at higher degrees might violate integer preservation without specific structures.
### Step 3: Structure Imposition
If or , then:
- and are integers assuming they yield integers separately.
- Consequently, if both and are integers, then:
remains an integer because and are integers.
This structure ensures that , thereby fulfilling the requirements.
### Conclusion
Thus, the form of the polynomial that satisfies the condition is:
where is an integer and is a positive integer.
Hence, the final answer is: