Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 1506

National Olympiad, first round
Number theory Difficulty 6.0 Find the answer BMO Round 2 · United Kingdom · 2026

For any two positive integers mm and nn, we define l(m,n)l(m, n) as their least common multiple and h(m,n)h(m, n) as their highest common factor. Given a prime p>3p > 3, let kk denote the number of ordered pairs of positive integers (m,n)(m, n) satisfying the equation
l(m,n)+h(m,n)=p4.l(m, n) + h(m, n) = p^4.
Determine the smallest possible value of kk across all choices of the prime p>3p > 3.

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