Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 428

Combinatorics Difficulty 2.7 Multiple choice CEMC Pascal · Canada · 2015

André has an unlimited supply of 1coins,1 coins, 2 coins, and 5 bills. Using only these coins and bills and not necessarily using some of each kind, in how many different ways can he form exactly 10?

Pick one

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Official solution

Since $10=2$5\$10 = 2\cdot \$5, then 10canbeformedusing0,1or210 can be formed using 0, 1 or 2 5 bills and cannot be formed using more than 2 $5 bills.

Using 2 5bills,weobtain5 bills, we obtain 10 exactly. There is no choice in this case, and so this gives exactly 1 way to make $10.

Using 1 5bill,weneedanadditional5 bill, we need an additional 5.

Since 5 is odd and any amount of dollars made up using 2 coins will be even, we need an odd number of 1 coins to make up the difference.

We can use 5 1coinsand01 coins and 0 2 coins, or 3 1coinsand11 coins and 1 2 coin, or 1 1coinand21 coin and 2 2 coins to obtain $5.

This is 3 more ways.

Using 0 5bills,weneedanadditional5 bills, we need an additional 10.

Since 10 is even and any amount of dollars made up using 2 coins will be even, we need an even number of 1 coins to make up the difference.

The numbers of 1coinsand1 coins and 2 coins that we can use are 10 and 0, 8 and 1, 6 and 2, 4 and 3, 2 and 4, or 0 and 5.

This is 6 more ways.

In total, there are 1+3+6=101+3+6=10 ways in which André can make $10.

Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.