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Problem 1941

National Olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.0 Prove it Taiwan Mathematical Olympiad · Taiwan

Suppose OO is the circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC and EE, FF are points on segments CACA and ABAB respectively with E,FAE, F \ne A. Let PP be a point such that PB=PFPB = PF and PC=PEPC = PE. Let OPOP intersect CACA and ABAB at points QQ and RR respectively. Let the line passing through PP and perpendicular to EFEF intersect CACA and ABAB at points SS and TT respectively. Prove that points QQ, RR, SS, and TT are concyclic.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solutions — 2

Solution 1

Method 1:
Let AA^* be the antipode of AA with respect to (ABC)\odot(ABC), let M,NM, N be the midpoints of AE\overline{A^*E}, AF\overline{A^*F} respectively, then ACAC\overline{AC} \perp \overline{A^*C} and ABAB\overline{AB} \perp \overline{A^*B}, so M,NM, N lie on the perpendicular bisectors of CE\overline{CE}, BF\overline{BF} respectively. From OMP=ONP=90\angle OMP = \angle ONP = 90^\circ, we know that M,N,O,PM, N, O, P are concyclic. Since MNMN is parallel to EFEF, we obtain
90TRQ=OPN=OMN=AEF=90TSQ, 90^\circ - \angle TRQ = \angle OPN = \angle OMN = \angle AEF = 90^\circ - \angle TSQ,
that is, Q,R,S,TQ, R, S, T are concyclic.

Method 2:
Let DD be the intersection of BCBC and EFEF, let MM be the second intersection point of (ABC)\odot(ABC) and (AEF)\odot(AEF), and let O,OB,OCO', O_B, O_C be the circumcenters of AEF,ABF,ACE\triangle AEF, \triangle ABF, \triangle ACE respectively. Then MM is the Miquel point of the complete quadrilateral (BC,CA,AB,EF)(BC, CA, AB, EF), and it is well known that M,O,O,OB,OCM, O, O', O_B, O_C lie on a common circle Γ\Gamma (i.e., the Miquel circle). Note that POB,POC,OOB,OOCPO_B, PO_C, OO_B, OO_C are the perpendicular bisectors of BF,CE,MB,MC\overline{BF}, \overline{CE}, \overline{MB}, \overline{MC} respectively, so
OBPOC=(BF,CE)=BAC=BMC=OBOOC, \angle O_B PO_C = \angle (BF, CE) = \angle BAC = \angle BMC = \angle O_B OO_C,
that is, PP also lies on Γ\Gamma. Since OO,OOBO'O, O'O_B are the perpendicular bisectors of MA,MF\overline{MA}, \overline{MF} respectively, we have
90TRQ=OPOB=OOOB=AMF=AEF=90TSQ, 90^\circ - \angle TRQ = \angle OPO_B = \angle OO'O_B = \angle AMF = \angle AEF = 90^\circ - \angle TSQ,
that is, Q,R,S,TQ, R, S, T are concyclic. \square

Solution 2

It suffices to show that QRQR and STST are anti-parallel with respect to ABAB and ACAC. Let l1l_1 and l2l_2 be two lines through AA that are parallel to QRQR and STST, respectively. Then it suffices to show that l1l_1 and l2l_2 are isogonal with respect to AEAE and AFAF. Note that l2l_2 is perpendicular to EFEF, so it suffices to show that l1l_1 passes through the circumcenter OO' of AEFAEF. In other words, it suffices to show that AOAO' is parallel to OPOP. This is true as the lengths of the projections of AOAO' and OPOP to AEAE are both equal to 12AE\frac{1}{2}AE, and those to AFAF are both equal to 12AF\frac{1}{2}AF, showing that AOPOAO'PO is a parallelogram.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.