Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 2251

National Olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Algebra Difficulty 7.7 Prove it Turkey — Team Selection Test · Turkey

Show that
a+b+c+3≥8abc(1a2+1+1b2+1+1c2+1) a + b + c + \sqrt{3} \geq 8abc \left( \frac{1}{a^2 + 1} + \frac{1}{b^2 + 1} + \frac{1}{c^2 + 1} \right)
for all positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c satisfying ab+bc+ca≤1ab + bc + ca \leq 1.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

We first observe that a2+1≥a2+ab+bc+ca≥4abca^2 + 1 \ge a^2 + ab + bc + ca \ge 4a\sqrt{bc} where the second inequality results from A.M.≥G.M.A.M. \ge G.M.. Therefore we have 2bc≥8abca2+12\sqrt{bc} \ge \frac{8abc}{a^2+1}. Summing this up with similar inequalities for bb and cc gives that it suffices to show that
a+b+c+3≥2(ab+bc+ca). a + b + c + \sqrt{3} \ge 2(\sqrt{ab} + \sqrt{bc} + \sqrt{ca}).
By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and 1≥ab+bc+ca1 \ge ab + bc + ca, we have
3≥1+1+1ab+bc+ca≥ab+bc+ca. \sqrt{3} \ge \sqrt{1+1+1\sqrt{ab+bc+ca}} \ge \sqrt{ab} + \sqrt{bc} + \sqrt{ca}.
As (a−b)2,(b−c)2,(c−a)2≥0(\sqrt{a} - \sqrt{b})^2, (\sqrt{b} - \sqrt{c})^2, (\sqrt{c} - \sqrt{a})^2 \ge 0 we obtain
ab+bc+ca≥ab+bc+ca ab + bc + ca \ge \sqrt{ab} + \sqrt{bc} + \sqrt{ca}
and the result follows.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.