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Problem 1185

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Geometry Difficulty 4.9 Prove it Irish Mathematical Olympiad · Ireland

The images under reflection of the circumcentre of triangle ABCABC in the sides of the triangle are XX, YY, and ZZ. Prove △XYZ\triangle XYZ is congruent to △ABC\triangle ABC and corresponding sides are parallel.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let XX, YY and ZZ be the reflections in BCBC, CACA and ABAB respectively and let EE and FF be the midpoints of CACA and ABAB respectively.

Figure 1

Since ZZ is the reflection of OO in ABAB, AZ=AO=OBAZ = AO = OB. Similarly AY=OCAY = OC.
Also ZZAB=LOABZZAB = LOAB and ZYAC=LOACZYAC = LOAC, hence LBAC=12∠ZAYLBAC = \frac{1}{2} \angle ZAY.
Since OO is the circumcentre, LBAC=12∠BOCLBAC = \frac{1}{2} \angle BOC and so ∠ZAY=∠BOC\angle ZAY = \angle BOC
which implies that ∠ZAY\angle ZAY is congruent to ∠BOC\angle BOC, hence ZY=BCZY = BC.
Now ZB=OB=OC=CYZB = OB = OC = CY, hence ZYCBZYCB is a parallelogram and YZ∥BCYZ \parallel BC.
Similarly XY∥ABXY \parallel AB and XZ∥ACXZ \parallel AC, and so the triangles ABCABC and XYZXYZ are
congruent and corresponding sides are parallel.

Solution 2

Let XX, YY and ZZ be the reflections in BCBC, CACA and ABAB respectively and let EE and FF be the midpoints of CACA and ABAB respectively.

Figure 2

Because EE and FF are the mid-points of the sides CACA and ABAB, the Intercept Theorem (or the Mid-Point Theorem) implies that EF∥BCEF \parallel BC and ∣BC∣=2∣EF∣|BC| = 2|EF|. Because FF is the mid-point of OZOZ and EE the mid-point of OYOY, the same reason gives EF∥YZEF \parallel YZ and ∣YZ∣=2∣EF∣|YZ| = 2|EF|. Hence YZ∥BCYZ \parallel BC and
∣YZ∣=∣BC∣.|YZ| = |BC|.
Similarly, XY∥ABXY \parallel AB, ∣XY∣=∣AB∣|XY| = |AB| and XZ∥ACXZ \parallel AC, ∣XZ∣=∣AC∣|XZ| = |AC| and so the triangles ABCABC and XYZXYZ are congruent and corresponding sides are parallel.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.