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Problem 1402

AIME late
Geometry Difficulty 5.7 Prove it Shortlist JBMO · JBMO · 2008

Let ABCABC be a triangle, (BC<AB)(BC < AB). The line \ell passing through the vertex CC and orthogonal to the angle bisector BEBE of B\angle B, meets BEBE and the median BDBD of the side ACAC at points FF and GG, respectively. Prove that segment DFDF bisects the segment EGEG.
Figure 1

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solution

Solution:
Let CFAB={K}CF \cap AB = \{K\} and DFBC={M}DF \cap BC = \{M\}. Since BFKCBF \perp KC and BFBF is angle bisector of KBC\text{KBC}, we have that KBC\triangle KBC is isosceles, i.e. BK=BCBK = BC, also FF is midpoint of KCKC. Hence DFDF is midline for ACK\triangle ACK, i.e. DFAKDF \parallel AK, from where it is clear that MM is a midpoint of BCBC.

We will prove that GEBCGE \parallel BC. It is sufficient to show BGGD=CEED\frac{BG}{GD} = \frac{CE}{ED}. From DFAKDF \parallel AK and DF=AK2DF = \frac{AK}{2} we have
BGGD=BKDF=2BKAK \frac{BG}{GD} = \frac{BK}{DF} = \frac{2BK}{AK}
Also
CEDE=CDDEDE=CDDE1=ADDE1=AEDEDE1=AEDE2==ABDF2=AK+BKAK22=2+2BKAK2=2BKAK \begin{gathered} \frac{CE}{DE} = \frac{CD - DE}{DE} = \frac{CD}{DE} - 1 = \frac{AD}{DE} - 1 = \frac{AE - DE}{DE} - 1 = \frac{AE}{DE} - 2 = \\ = \frac{AB}{DF} - 2 = \frac{AK + BK}{\frac{AK}{2}} - 2 = 2 + 2\frac{BK}{AK} - 2 = \frac{2BK}{AK} \end{gathered}
From (1) and (2) we have BGGD=CEED\frac{BG}{GD} = \frac{CE}{ED}, so GEBCGE \parallel BC, as MM is the midpoint of BCBC, it follows that the segment DFDF bisects the segment GEGE.

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