Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 1850

National Olympiad, first round
Algebra Difficulty 6.8 Prove it Belorusija · Belarus · 2012

Pedestrian, Cyclist and Motorcyclist start at 12.00 from town AA to town BB simultaneously. When each of them arrives at BB he whip rounds and moves to AA, when he arrives at AA he again whip rounds and moves to BB, and so on. After the start of the movement the first meeting is the meeting of Cyclist and Motorcyclist at some point CC. By this time Pedestrian passes 1/61/6 part of the distance between AA and BB, and after 6 minute he meets Motorcyclist. The first meeting of Cyclist and Pedestrian is also held at CC.
When do Pedestrian, Cyclist and Motorcyclist meet each other at the same point for the first time?

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Official solution

Answer: 13.30.
Let the distance between AA and BB be equal to SS (km), the speeds of Pedestrian, Cyclist and Motorcyclist be equal to aa, bb and cc (km/h), respectively. By condition (the first meeting is the meeting of Cyclist and Motorcyclist), it follows that a<b<ca < b < c. Let Pedestrian arrive at point DD at that moment when Cyclist and Motorcyclist meet at point CC. By condition, AD=S6AD = \frac{S}{6}. Then ADa=t1=S6a\frac{AD}{a} = t_1 = \frac{S}{6a}. Since AC+(AB+BC)=2SAC + (AB + BC) = 2S we have t1=2Sb+ct_1 = \frac{2S}{b+c}. So, S6a=2Sb+c\frac{S}{6a} = \frac{2S}{b+c}, hence
b+c=12a.(1) b+c=12a. \tag{1}
From t1b=Sb6at_1 b = \frac{Sb}{6a} it follows that AC=Sb6aAC = \frac{Sb}{6a}, so CD=ACAD=Sb6aS6=S(ba)6aCD = AC - AD = \frac{Sb}{6a} - \frac{S}{6} = \frac{S(b-a)}{6a}. Therefore,
S(ba)6a=(a+c)10.(2) \frac{S(b-a)}{6a} = \frac{(a+c)}{10}. \tag{2}
By condition, to arrive at CC (the point of meeting with Cyclist) Pedestrian need the time t2=ACa=Sb6a2t_2 = \frac{AC}{a} = \frac{Sb}{6a^2}. On the other hand, t2=2Sa+bt_2 = \frac{2S}{a+b}, so b(a+b)=12a2b2+ab12a2=0(b+4a)(b3a)=0b(a+b) = 12a^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2 + ab - 12a^2 = 0 \Leftrightarrow (b+4a)(b-3a) = 0. Since b+4a>0b+4a > 0 (aa and bb are positive), we have b3a=0b-3a = 0, i.e. b=3ab = 3a. Now from (1) it follows c=9ac = 9a, and (2) gives S=3aS = 3a. Therefore, AC=Sb6a=3a3a6a=1.5aAC = \frac{Sb}{6a} = \frac{3a \cdot 3a}{6a} = 1.5a. It means that Pedestrian and Cyclist meet at point CC in t2t_2 hours after the start, t2=1.5aa=1.5t_2 = \frac{1.5a}{a} = 1.5. Moreover, for Motorcyclist we see 1.5c=13.5a=43a+1.5a=4S+1.5a=AB+BA+AB+BA+AC1.5 \cdot c = 13.5 \cdot a = 4 \cdot 3a + 1.5 \cdot a = 4S + 1.5a = AB + BA + AB + BA + AC, which means that after 1.5 hours after the start he arrive at point CC. Therefore, Pedestrian, Cyclist and Motorcyclist meet at point CC at 13.30.

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