Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 4 / 209 of 340 #1109 of 2604

Problem 1109

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Geometry Difficulty 4.8 Multiple choice China Mathematical Competition (Jiangxi) · China

The curve represented by the equation x2sin⁡2−sin⁡3+y2cos⁡2−cos⁡3=1\frac{x^2}{\sin\sqrt{2} - \sin\sqrt{3}} + \frac{y^2}{\cos\sqrt{2} - \cos\sqrt{3}} = 1 is:

Pick one

Next problem →

Official solution

Since 2+3>π\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3} > \pi, so 0<π2−2<3−π2<π20 < \frac{\pi}{2} - \sqrt{2} < \sqrt{3} - \frac{\pi}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} and
cos⁡(π2−2)>cos⁡(3−π2), i.e. sin⁡2>sin⁡3. \cos(\frac{\pi}{2} - \sqrt{2}) > \cos(\sqrt{3} - \frac{\pi}{2}), \text{ i.e. } \sin\sqrt{2} > \sin\sqrt{3}.

Since
(sin⁡2−sin⁡3)−(cos⁡2−cos⁡3)=22sin⁡2−32sin⁡(2+32+π4)(∗) (\sin\sqrt{2} - \sin\sqrt{3}) - (\cos\sqrt{2} - \cos\sqrt{3}) = 2\sqrt{2}\sin\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) \quad (*)
and
−π2<2−32<0, -\frac{\pi}{2} < \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2} < 0,
we get
sin⁡2−32<0,π2<2+32<3π4, \sin\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2} < 0, \quad \frac{\pi}{2} < \frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2} < \frac{3\pi}{4},
3π4<2+32+π4<π, \frac{3\pi}{4} < \frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} < \pi,
sin⁡(2+32+π4)>0, \sin\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) > 0,

so the expression (∗)(*) is less than 00.
That is sin⁡2−sin⁡3<cos⁡3−cos⁡2\sin\sqrt{2} - \sin\sqrt{3} < \cos\sqrt{3} - \cos\sqrt{2}, therefore the curve is an ellipse with foci on the y-axes. Answer: C.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.