Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 1418

AIME late
Geometry Difficulty 5.3 Prove it first T3MO · Thailand

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram, and let MM be the midpoint of ABAB. Line CMCM intersects the circumcircle of triangle ABCABC at CC and EE. Let FF be the point on BCBC such that AF⊥BCAF \perp BC. Prove that C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solutions — 2

Solution 1

Since E,A,C,BE, A, C, B are concyclic and ADAD is parallel to BCBC, ∠EAB=∠ECB\angle EAB = \angle ECB and ∠BAD=−∠ABC\angle BAD = -\angle ABC. Therefore,
∠EAD=∠EAB+∠BAD=∠ECB−∠ABC=∠MCF−∠ABC. \begin{align*} \angle EAD &= \angle EAB + \angle BAD \\ &= \angle ECB - \angle ABC \\ &= \angle MCF - \angle ABC. \tag{13} \end{align*}

Figure 1

Since MM is the midpoint of ABAB and AF⊥BCAF \perp BC, MM is the circumcenter of triangle ABFABF. We then have
MF=MBand∠ABC=−∠MFC.(14) MF = MB \quad \text{and} \quad \angle ABC = -\angle MFC. \tag{14}

From (13) and (14),
∠EAD=∠MCF−∠MFC=∠MCF+∠CFM=−∠FMC \begin{align*} \angle EAD &= \angle MCF - \angle MFC \\ &= \angle MCF + \angle CFM \\ &= -\angle FMC \\ \end{align*}

Since E,A,C,BE, A, C, B are concyclic, we get △AEM∼△CBM\triangle AEM \sim \triangle CBM. Therefore, AEEM=CBBM\frac{AE}{EM} = \frac{CB}{BM}.
From CB=ADCB = AD and BM=MFBM = MF, we get AEEM=ADMF\frac{AE}{EM} = \frac{AD}{MF}. So,
AEAD=EMMF.(16) \frac{AE}{AD} = \frac{EM}{MF}. \tag{16}

From (15) and (16), we obtain △AED∼△MEF\triangle AED \sim \triangle MEF. Therefore, ∠ADE=∠MFE\angle ADE = \angle MFE.

∠EDC=∠ADC−∠ADE=∠ADC−∠MFE. \begin{align*} \angle EDC &= \angle ADC - \angle ADE \\ &= \angle ADC - \angle MFE. \tag{17} \end{align*}
Applying (17) and ∠ABC=−∠ADC\angle ABC = -\angle ADC from the parallelogram ABCDABCD we obtain,

∠EDC=∠ADC−∠MFE=∠MFC−∠MFE=∠EFC. \begin{align*} \angle EDC &= \angle ADC - \angle MFE \\ &= \angle MFC - \angle MFE \\ &= \angle EFC. \end{align*}
Therefore, C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

Solution 2

(by Wijit Yangjit)
Let GG be the intersection point of the lines FMFM and DADA. From AM=MBAM = MB and

Figure 2

∠AFB=90∘\angle AFB = 90^\circ, we get AM=FM=MBAM = FM = MB. Since AGAG is parallel to FBFB and triangle MBFMBF is isosceles, we have ∠AGF=∠BFG=∠ABF=∠BAG\angle AGF = \angle BFG = \angle ABF = \angle BAG. Hence AM=GMAM = GM. Next, since ∠GFC=∠GFB=−∠ABF=∠GDC\angle GFC = \angle GFB = -\angle ABF = \angle GDC, it follows that D,G,FD, G, F, and CC are concyclic. From AM=GMAM = GM and MF=MBMF = MB, we get
GM⋅MF=AM⋅MB=EM⋅MC. GM \cdot MF = AM \cdot MB = EM \cdot MC.
By power of a point theorem, we get G,E,FG, E, F, and CC are concyclic. Then, D,E,G,FD, E, G, F, and CC are concyclic, and so C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

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