Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 1258

AIME late
Geometry Difficulty 5.3 Prove it The first T3MO · Thailand

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram, and let MM be the midpoint of ABAB. Line CMCM intersects the circumcircle of triangle ABCABC at CC and EE. Let FF be the point on BCBC such that AFBCAF \perp BC. Prove that C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

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Official solutions — 2

Solution 1

Since E,A,C,BE, A, C, B are concyclic and ADAD is parallel to BCBC, EAB=ECB\angle EAB = \angle ECB and BAD=ABC\angle BAD = -\angle ABC. Therefore,
EAD=EAB+BAD=ECBABC=MCFABC. \begin{align*} \angle EAD &= \angle EAB + \angle BAD \\ &= \angle ECB - \angle ABC \\ &= \angle MCF - \angle ABC. \tag{13} \end{align*}

Figure 1

Since MM is the midpoint of ABAB and AFBCAF \perp BC, MM is the circumcenter of triangle ABFABF. We then have
MF=MBandABC=MFC.(14) MF = MB \quad \text{and} \quad \angle ABC = -\angle MFC. \tag{14}

From (13) and (14),
EAD=MCFMFC=MCF+CFM=FMC \begin{align*} \angle EAD &= \angle MCF - \angle MFC \\ &= \angle MCF + \angle CFM \\ &= -\angle FMC \\ \end{align*}

Since E,A,C,BE, A, C, B are concyclic, we get AEMCBM\triangle AEM \sim \triangle CBM. Therefore, AEEM=CBBM\frac{AE}{EM} = \frac{CB}{BM}.
From CB=ADCB = AD and BM=MFBM = MF, we get AEEM=ADMF\frac{AE}{EM} = \frac{AD}{MF}. So,
AEAD=EMMF.(16) \frac{AE}{AD} = \frac{EM}{MF}. \tag{16}

From (15) and (16), we obtain AEDMEF\triangle AED \sim \triangle MEF. Therefore, ADE=MFE\angle ADE = \angle MFE.

EDC=ADCADE=ADCMFE. \begin{align*} \angle EDC &= \angle ADC - \angle ADE \\ &= \angle ADC - \angle MFE. \tag{17} \end{align*}
Applying (17) and ABC=ADC\angle ABC = -\angle ADC from the parallelogram ABCDABCD we obtain,

EDC=ADCMFE=MFCMFE=EFC. \begin{align*} \angle EDC &= \angle ADC - \angle MFE \\ &= \angle MFC - \angle MFE \\ &= \angle EFC. \end{align*}
Therefore, C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

Solution 2

(by Wijit Yangjit)
Let GG be the intersection point of the lines FMFM and DADA. From AM=MBAM = MB and

Figure 2

AFB=90\angle AFB = 90^\circ, we get AM=FM=MBAM = FM = MB. Since AGAG is parallel to FBFB and triangle MBFMBF is isosceles, we have AGF=BFG=ABF=BAG\angle AGF = \angle BFG = \angle ABF = \angle BAG. Hence AM=GMAM = GM. Next, since GFC=GFB=ABF=GDC\angle GFC = \angle GFB = -\angle ABF = \angle GDC, it follows that D,G,FD, G, F, and CC are concyclic. From AM=GMAM = GM and MF=MBMF = MB, we get
GMMF=AMMB=EMMC. GM \cdot MF = AM \cdot MB = EM \cdot MC.
By power of a point theorem, we get G,E,FG, E, F, and CC are concyclic. Then, D,E,G,FD, E, G, F, and CC are concyclic, and so C,D,EC, D, E, and FF are concyclic.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.