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Problem 835

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Combinatorics Difficulty 4.5 Find the answer PMO Area Stage · Philippines

Compute the number of ordered 6-tuples (a,b,c,d,e,f)(a, b, c, d, e, f) of positive integers such that
a+b+c+2(d+e+f)=15 a+b+c+2(d+e+f)=15

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

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Official solution

Solution:
Let x=a+b+cx = a + b + c and y=d+e+fy = d + e + f. Then the equation becomes
x+2y=15 x + 2y = 15
where a,b,c,d,e,fa, b, c, d, e, f are positive integers, so x3x \geq 3 and y3y \geq 3.

Let us solve for all possible integer values of yy such that y3y \geq 3 and x=152y3x = 15 - 2y \geq 3.

We have:
152y3    2y12    y6 15 - 2y \geq 3 \implies 2y \leq 12 \implies y \leq 6
So yy can be 3,4,5,63, 4, 5, 6.

For each yy, x=152yx = 15 - 2y.

For each yy, the number of positive integer solutions to d+e+f=yd + e + f = y is (y12)\binom{y-1}{2}.
For each xx, the number of positive integer solutions to a+b+c=xa + b + c = x is (x12)\binom{x-1}{2}.

So the total number is:
y=36(y12)(152y12) \sum_{y=3}^6 \binom{y-1}{2} \binom{15-2y-1}{2}
Let us compute each term:

For y=3y = 3:
(22)=1\binom{2}{2} = 1, x=9x = 9, (82)=28\binom{8}{2} = 28
So 1×28=281 \times 28 = 28

For y=4y = 4:
(32)=3\binom{3}{2} = 3, x=7x = 7, (62)=15\binom{6}{2} = 15
So 3×15=453 \times 15 = 45

For y=5y = 5:
(42)=6\binom{4}{2} = 6, x=5x = 5, (42)=6\binom{4}{2} = 6
So 6×6=366 \times 6 = 36

For y=6y = 6:
(52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10, x=3x = 3, (22)=1\binom{2}{2} = 1
So 10×1=1010 \times 1 = 10

Add them up:
28+45+36+10=119 28 + 45 + 36 + 10 = 119

Answer: 119119

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.