Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 796

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Combinatorics Difficulty 4.4 Multiple choice Progetto Olimpiadi della Matematica - GARA di FEBBRAIO · Italy

The 60 inhabitants of a village can be of three types: farmers (who always tell the truth), werewolves (who always lie) and necromancers (who answer as they wish). Except for these behaviors, the members of each faction are completely indistinguishable from those of the others. Upon the arrival of a visitor they arrange themselves in a circle and each one declares that the inhabitant to his right is a werewolf. Which of these statements is necessarily true?

Pick one

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Official solution

Solution:

The answer is (C)(C). One of the possibilities is that there are 3030 werewolves and 3030 farmers, alternating. This arrangement falsifies (A) and (B). Another possible situation is that the inhabitants of the village are all necromancers and they are all lying, which falsifies (D).

Let us now consider (C). If there are nn farmers, there must be at least nn inhabitants who are not farmers (but werewolves or necromancers), since the farmers cannot lie. Therefore the farmers can be at most half of the total inhabitants, that is, at most 3030.

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