Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 194 of 260 #194 of 1964

Problem 194

AMC 10/12, early questions
Combinatorics Difficulty 3.6 Find the answer

In an opaque bag, there are 1010 balls with the same shape and size but different colors. There are 44 red balls and 66 yellow balls.(1)(1) If a ball is randomly drawn from the bag, the probability of drawing a yellow ball is ______;(2)(2) If the probability of drawing a red ball from the bag is 23\frac{2}{3}, how many more red balls need to be added to the bag?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Official solution

### Solution:

#### Part 1:

Given:
- Total number of balls in the bag = 1010
- Number of yellow balls = 66

The probability of drawing a yellow ball is calculated as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes (drawing a yellow ball) to the total number of possible outcomes (drawing any ball).

Thus, the probability of drawing a yellow ball is:
P(Yellow)=Number of yellow ballsTotal number of balls=610=35 P(\text{Yellow}) = \frac{\text{Number of yellow balls}}{\text{Total number of balls}} = \frac{6}{10} = \frac{3}{5}

So, the probability of drawing a yellow ball is 35\boxed{\frac{3}{5}}.

#### Part 2:

Let xx represent the number of additional red balls needed.

The total number of balls after adding xx red balls becomes 10+x10 + x. The number of red balls becomes 4+x4 + x.

Given that the probability of drawing a red ball should be 23\frac{2}{3}, we set up the equation based on the definition of probability:
4+x10+x=23 \frac{4 + x}{10 + x} = \frac{2}{3}

Solving for xx:
3(4+x)=2(10+x)12+3x=20+2x3x2x=2012x=8\begin{align*} 3(4 + x) &= 2(10 + x) \\ 12 + 3x &= 20 + 2x \\ 3x - 2x &= 20 - 12 \\ x &= 8 \end{align*}

After solving, we find that x=8x = 8 satisfies the equation, meaning 88 more red balls need to be added to the bag to make the probability of drawing a red ball 23\frac{2}{3}.

Therefore, the number of additional red balls needed is 8\boxed{8}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.