Three. (20 points) As shown in Figure 1, the center of the regular hexagon ABCDEF is O. For any two points among A,B,C,D,E,F,O, a vector is drawn from one point to another. If two vectors are randomly selected, the absolute value of their dot product is taken as the random variable ξ. Try to find the probability distribution of ξ and its mathematical expectation Eξ.
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Official solution
Three, the number of vectors generated is C72=21, then we can take C212=210 pairs of vectors. Let the vectors taken be a,b. Since ξ=∣a⋅b∣=∣a∣⋅∣b∣⋅∣cos⟨a,b⟩∣, therefore, the direction of the vectors can be ignored. Without loss of generality, let the angle between the two vectors be the angle between their respective lines (with a range of [0∘,90∘]), then the angle between any two vectors belongs to the set {0∘,30∘,60∘,90∘}, and the magnitude of each vector belongs to the set {1,3,2}, where the number of vectors with a magnitude of 1 is 12, the number of vectors with a magnitude of 3 is 6, and the number of vectors with a magnitude of 2 is 3.
If ∣a∣=∣b∣=2, then the angle between them must be 60∘, ∣a⋅b∣=2, and the probability is 21×2103×2=701.
If ∣a∣=∣b∣=3, then the angle between them can be 0∘ or 60∘. When the angle is 0∘, ∣a⋅b∣=3, and the probability is 21×2106×1=701; when the angle is 60∘, ∣a⋅b∣=23, and the probability is 21×2104×6=352.
If ∣a∣=∣b∣=1, then the angle between them can be 0∘ or 60∘. It is easy to know that their probabilities are 21×2103×12=353,21×2108×12=358.
If ∣a∣=2,∣b∣=3, then the angle between them can be 30∘ or 90∘. It is easy to know that their probabilities are 2103×4=352,2103×2=351.
If ∣a∣=2,∣b∣=1, then the angle between them can be 0∘ or 60∘. It is easy to know that their probabilities are 2103×4=352,2103×8=354.
If ∣a∣=3,∣b∣=1, then the angle between them can be 30∘ or 90∘. It is easy to know that their probabilities are 2106×8=358,2106×4=354.
Thus, the probability distribution of ξ is shown in Table 1: Therefore, the mathematical expectation of ξ is Eξ=0×71+21×358+1×51+23×72+2×141+3×141=1011.
Source: NuminaMath-1.5,
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