Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 369 of 400 #1369 of 1964

Problem 1369

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 6.8 Prove it

Given that points D,E D,E lie on the sidelines AB,BC AB,BC of triangle ABC ABC, respectively, point P P is in interior of triangle ABC ABC such that PE\equalPC PE \equal{} PC and DEPPCA. \bigtriangleup DEP\sim \bigtriangleup PCA. Prove that BP BP is tangent of the circumcircle of triangle PAD. PAD.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. **Reflecting Point A A :**
Let A A' be the reflection of A A in the perpendicular bisector of CE CE . This implies that A A' lies on the line through A A perpendicular to CE CE and equidistant from C C and E E .

2. **Collinearity of Points A,D,E A', D, E :**
Since CEA=ACE=CED \angle CEA' = \angle ACE = \angle CED , it follows that A,D,E A', D, E are collinear. This is because the reflection A A' maintains the angle properties with respect to C C and E E .

3. **Similarity of Triangles DEP \triangle DEP and PCA \triangle PCA :**
Given DEPPCA \triangle DEP \sim \triangle PCA , we have the proportionality of sides:
DEPC=EPCA \frac{DE}{PC} = \frac{EP}{CA}
and the equality of angles:
DEP=PCAandEDP=ACP. \angle DEP = \angle PCA \quad \text{and} \quad \angle EDP = \angle ACP.

4. Equality of Lengths:
Since PE=PC PE = PC , we can write:
EP2=EPPC=EDCA. EP^2 = EP \cdot PC = ED \cdot CA.

5. Circumcircle Radius Relation:
Let R R be the radius of the circumcircle (ADA) \odot (ADA') and O O be the circumcenter of ADA \triangle ADA' . From the similarity and the given conditions, we have:
EP2=EO2R2. EP^2 = EO^2 - R^2.

6. Perpendicularity and Power of a Point:
Since OPBE OP \perp BE , we can use the power of a point theorem:
BO2BP2=EO2EP2=R2. BO^2 - BP^2 = EO^2 - EP^2 = R^2.

7. Tangency Condition:
Using the power of a point theorem again, we get:
BDBA=BO2R2=BP2. BD \cdot BA = BO^2 - R^2 = BP^2.
This implies that BP BP is tangent to the circumcircle (PAD) \odot (PAD) at P P .

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.