Example 9 If in the standard factorization of a positive integer, the exponent of each prime factor is greater than 1, then it is called a power number. Prove: There exist infinitely many distinct positive integers, such that neither they nor the sum of any different numbers among them are power numbers.
Problem 1597
Official solution
Proof Let be all the prime numbers, then
satisfies the requirement.
To verify this claim, we denote the -th number in the sequence as . First, each is not a power. For any , by (1), but , and . Therefore, in
the second factor is coprime with , so the prime appears exactly once in the standard factorization of , hence is not a power. Moreover, since there are infinitely many primes, there are also infinitely many numbers in (1).