Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 322 of 400 #1322 of 1964

Problem 1322

National olympiad, first round
Algebra Difficulty 6.6 Prove it

Show that x4+y4+z2xyz8x^4 + y^4 + z^2\ge xyz \sqrt8 for all positive reals x,y,zx, y, z.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. We start with the given inequality to prove:
x4+y4+z2xyz8 x^4 + y^4 + z^2 \ge xyz \sqrt{8}
for all positive reals x,y,zx, y, z.

2. We will use the well-known inequality for positive reals a,b,c,da, b, c, d:
a+b+c+d4abcd4 a + b + c + d \ge 4 \sqrt[4]{abcd}
This is a form of the Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean (AM-GM) inequality.

3. To apply this inequality, we rewrite x4+y4+z2x^4 + y^4 + z^2 by introducing two additional terms:
x4+y4+z2=x4+y4+z22+z22 x^4 + y^4 + z^2 = x^4 + y^4 + \frac{z^2}{2} + \frac{z^2}{2}

4. Now, we apply the AM-GM inequality to the terms x4,y4,z22,z22x^4, y^4, \frac{z^2}{2}, \frac{z^2}{2}:
x4+y4+z22+z224x4y4z22z224 x^4 + y^4 + \frac{z^2}{2} + \frac{z^2}{2} \ge 4 \sqrt[4]{x^4 \cdot y^4 \cdot \frac{z^2}{2} \cdot \frac{z^2}{2}}

5. Simplify the expression inside the fourth root:
x4y4z22z22=x4y4(z22)2=x4y4z44 x^4 \cdot y^4 \cdot \frac{z^2}{2} \cdot \frac{z^2}{2} = x^4 y^4 \left(\frac{z^2}{2}\right)^2 = x^4 y^4 \frac{z^4}{4}

6. Therefore, we have:
4x4y4z444=4x4y4z444 4 \sqrt[4]{x^4 y^4 \frac{z^4}{4}} = 4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{x^4 y^4 z^4}{4}}

7. Simplify the fourth root:
4x4y4z444=4x4y4z4444=4xyz44 4 \sqrt[4]{\frac{x^4 y^4 z^4}{4}} = 4 \cdot \frac{\sqrt[4]{x^4 y^4 z^4}}{\sqrt[4]{4}} = 4 \cdot \frac{xyz}{\sqrt[4]{4}}

8. Since 44=2\sqrt[4]{4} = \sqrt{2}, we get:
4xyz2=4xyz2=4xyz2=xyz8 4 \cdot \frac{xyz}{\sqrt{2}} = 4 \cdot \frac{xyz}{\sqrt{2}} = 4 \cdot \frac{xyz}{\sqrt{2}} = xyz \sqrt{8}

9. Therefore, we have shown that:
x4+y4+z2xyz8 x^4 + y^4 + z^2 \ge xyz \sqrt{8}

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.