Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 302 of 400 #902 of 2000

Problem 902

AIME late
Combinatorics Difficulty 5.7 Prove it

3. Here is an inductive "proof" that "every maximal planar graph is a plane triangulation with minimum degree 3": The induction starts with K4K^{4}. In the inductive step, consider any maximal planar graph GG of order nn, and the maximal planar graph GG^{\prime} of order n+1n+1 obtained by adding a new vertex vv to GG in all possible ways. No matter how GG^{\prime} is obtained, vv must lie in a face of GG, and by the induction hypothesis, the boundary of this face is a triangle. Since GG^{\prime} is maximally planar, vv must be connected to the three vertices of this triangle. Clearly, GG^{\prime} is another triangulation, and δ(G)=d(v)=3\delta\left(G^{\prime}\right)=d(v)=3.
(i) - Identify the error in the "proof".
(ii) Find a counterexample and explain what the "proof" overlooks.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.