Olympiad Maths Prep

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Problem 901

AIME late
Algebra Difficulty 5.7 Find the answer

2.236. z21z21z;z=12(m+1m)\frac{\sqrt{z^{2}-1}}{\sqrt{z^{2}-1}-z} ; \quad z=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{m}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}\right)

Official solution

Solution.

Domain of definition: m>0m>0.

z21z21z=z21(z21+z)(z21z)(z21+z)=z21(z21+z)(z21)2z2==z21+zz21z21z2=(z2+zz211)=1z2zz21==1(12(m+1m))212(m+1m)(12(m+1m))21= \begin{aligned} & \frac{\sqrt{z^{2}-1}}{\sqrt{z^{2}-1}-z}=\frac{\sqrt{z^{2}-1} \cdot\left(\sqrt{z^{2}-1}+z\right)}{\left(\sqrt{z^{2}-1}-z\right)\left(\sqrt{z^{2}-1}+z\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{z^{2}-1} \cdot\left(\sqrt{z^{2}-1}+z\right)}{\left(\sqrt{z^{2}-1}\right)^{2}-z^{2}}= \\ & =\frac{z^{2}-1+z \sqrt{z^{2}-1}}{z^{2}-1-z^{2}}=-\left(z^{2}+z \sqrt{z^{2}-1}-1\right)=1-z^{2}-z \sqrt{z^{2}-1}= \\ & =1-\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{m}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}\right)\right)^{2}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{m}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}\right) \sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{m}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}\right)\right)^{2}-1}= \end{aligned}

=1(m+12m)2m+12m(m+12m)21==1m2+2m+14mm+12mm2+2m+14m1==4mm22m14mm+12mm2+2m+14m4m==(m22m+1)4mm+12mm22m+14m=(m1)24mm+12m(m12m)2==(m1)24mm+12mm12m=(m1)24m(m+1)m14m==(m1)2(m+1)m14m=={(m1)2+(m+1)(m1)4m=(m1)2+m214m=m12m, if m1<0,(m1)2(m+1)(m1)4m=(m1)2(m21)4m=1m2, if m1. \begin{aligned} & =1-\left(\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}}\right)^{2}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}}\right)^{2}-1}= \\ & =1-\frac{m^{2}+2 m+1}{4 m}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{m^{2}+2 m+1}{4 m}-1}= \\ & =\frac{4 m-m^{2}-2 m-1}{4 m}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{m^{2}+2 m+1-4 m}{4 m}}= \\ & =\frac{-\left(m^{2}-2 m+1\right)}{4 m}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \sqrt{\frac{m^{2}-2 m+1}{4 m}}=-\frac{(m-1)^{2}}{4 m}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \sqrt{\left(\frac{m-1}{2 \sqrt{m}}\right)^{2}}= \\ & =-\frac{(m-1)^{2}}{4 m}-\frac{m+1}{2 \sqrt{m}} \cdot \frac{|m-1|}{2 \sqrt{m}}=-\frac{(m-1)^{2}}{4 m}-\frac{(m+1) \cdot|m-1|}{4 m}= \\ & =\frac{-(m-1)^{2}-(m+1) \cdot|m-1|}{4 m}= \\ & =\left\{\begin{array}{c} \frac{-(m-1)^{2}+(m+1)(m-1)}{4 m}=\frac{-(m-1)^{2}+m^{2}-1}{4 m}=\frac{m-1}{2 m}, \text { if } m-1<0, \\ \frac{-(m-1)^{2}-(m+1)(m-1)}{4 m}=\frac{-(m-1)^{2}-\left(m^{2}-1\right)}{4 m}=\frac{1-m}{2}, \text { if } m \geq 1 . \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}

Answer: m12m\frac{m-1}{2 m}, if m(0;1);1m2m \in(0 ; 1) ; \frac{1-m}{2}, if m[1;)m \in[1 ; \infty).

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.