Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 355 of 400 #955 of 1964

Problem 955

AIME late
Number theory Difficulty 5.9 Prove it

## Task B-1.4.

Prove that the number 62n+22n+33n+2+366^{2 n+2}-2^{n+3} \cdot 3^{n+2}+36 is divisible by 900 for all natural numbers nn.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

## Solution.

Let's write the given expression as a product of two natural numbers.

62n+22n+33n+2+36=62n622n233n32+361 point=62n366n72+361 point=36(62n26n+1)1 point=36(6n1)21 point \begin{aligned} 6^{2 n+2}-2^{n+3} \cdot 3^{n+2}+36 & =6^{2 n} \cdot 6^{2}-2^{n} \cdot 2^{3} \cdot 3^{n} \cdot 3^{2}+36 & & 1 \text{ point} \\ & =6^{2 n} \cdot 36-6^{n} \cdot 72+36 & & 1 \text{ point} \\ & =36\left(6^{2 n}-2 \cdot 6^{n}+1\right) & & 1 \text{ point} \\ & =36\left(6^{n}-1\right)^{2} & & 1 \text{ point} \end{aligned}

The obtained expression is clearly divisible by 36, and since 6n16^{n}-1 is divisible by 5 for all natural numbers nn, it follows that the given number is divisible by 3625=90036 \cdot 25=900.

Note: The claim that 6n16^{n}-1 is divisible by 5 follows from 6n1=(61)(6n1+6n2++6+1)6^{n}-1=(6-1)\left(6^{n-1}+6^{n-2}+\cdots+6+1\right) and does not need to be proven.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.