Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 49 of 400 #1049 of 1964

Problem 1049

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 6.0 Prove it

3. In a convex pentagon ABCDEA B C D E, ABA B is parallel to DED E, CD=DEC D = D E, CEC E is perpendicular to BCB C and ADA D. Prove that the line passing through AA parallel to CDC D, the line passing through BB parallel to CEC E, and the line passing through EE parallel to BCB C, intersect at one point.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

Solution. Triangle CDECDE is isosceles, and ADAD is the height to its base. Therefore, ADAD is the bisector of triangle CDECDE, and angles ADEADE and ADCADC are equal. Angles ADEADE and BADBAD are equal as alternate interior angles when parallel lines ABAB and DEDE are intersected by the transversal ADAD. Thus, angles ADCADC and BADBAD are equal. Since lines BCBC and ADAD are perpendicular to the same line, they are parallel, and ABCDABCD is an isosceles trapezoid, from which AB=CD=DEAB = CD = DE. Therefore, ABDEABDE is a parallelogram. Let OO be the point of intersection of its diagonals ADAD and BEBE, then AO=OD,BO=OEAO = OD, BO = OE.

Let XX be the point of intersection of the line passing through BB parallel to CECE and the line passing through EE parallel to BCBC. Then BCEXBCEX is a parallelogram. Point OO is the midpoint of its diagonal BEBE, so it is also the midpoint of diagonal CXCX. Therefore, the diagonals ADAD and CXCX of quadrilateral ACDXACDX are bisected by their point of intersection. Thus, ACDXACDX is a parallelogram, meaning AXAX is parallel to CDCD, and all three lines specified in the problem

!
intersect at one point.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.