Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 261 of 400 #1261 of 1964

Problem 1261

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 6.4 Find the answer

Given a triangle ABCABC with integer side lengths, where BDBD is an angle bisector of ABC\angle ABC, AD=4AD=4, DC=6DC=6, and DD is on ACAC, compute the minimum possible perimeter of ABC\triangle ABC.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Official solution

1. Apply the Angle Bisector Theorem: The Angle Bisector Theorem states that the angle bisector of an angle in a triangle divides the opposite side into segments that are proportional to the adjacent sides. For triangle ABCABC with BDBD as the angle bisector of ABC\angle ABC, we have:
ABAD=BCDC \frac{AB}{AD} = \frac{BC}{DC}
Given AD=4AD = 4 and DC=6DC = 6, we can write:
AB4=BC6 \frac{AB}{4} = \frac{BC}{6}
This implies:
6AB=4BC3AB=2BCAB=23BC 6 \cdot AB = 4 \cdot BC \quad \Rightarrow \quad 3 \cdot AB = 2 \cdot BC \quad \Rightarrow \quad AB = \frac{2}{3} BC

2. **Express ABAB in terms of BCBC**: Let BC=xBC = x. Then:
AB=23x AB = \frac{2}{3} x

3. Use the Triangle Inequality: The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than the length of the third side. For triangle ABCABC, we have:
AB+BC>AC AB + BC > AC
Since AC=AD+DC=4+6=10AC = AD + DC = 4 + 6 = 10, we get:
AB+BC>10 AB + BC > 10
Substituting AB=23xAB = \frac{2}{3} x and BC=xBC = x, we get:
23x+x>1053x>10x>6 \frac{2}{3} x + x > 10 \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{5}{3} x > 10 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x > 6

4. **Find integer values for BCBC and ABAB**: Since x>6x > 6 and xx must be an integer, the smallest possible value for xx is 7. However, we need to check if ABAB is also an integer:
AB=23x AB = \frac{2}{3} x
For ABAB to be an integer, xx must be a multiple of 3. The smallest multiple of 3 greater than 6 is 9. Therefore, let x=9x = 9:
BC=9andAB=239=6 BC = 9 \quad \text{and} \quad AB = \frac{2}{3} \cdot 9 = 6

5. Calculate the perimeter: The perimeter of triangle ABCABC is:
AB+BC+AC=6+9+10=25 AB + BC + AC = 6 + 9 + 10 = 25

Thus, the minimum possible perimeter of ABC\triangle ABC is 25\boxed{25}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.