Let be a rhombus where , and be the intersection between and . Let be three points on the boundary of such that is a rhombus. Prove that exactly one of lies on one of .
Problem 1398
Official solution
1. **Identify the properties of the rhombus :**
- Since is a rhombus, all sides are equal: .
- The diagonals and intersect at right angles and bisect each other.
- Given , we can infer that because the sum of the angles in a rhombus is .
2. **Locate the intersection point :**
- The diagonals and intersect at point , which is the center of the rhombus.
3. **Assume is on :**
- Without loss of generality, let be on . Since is a rhombus, the diagonals of must be perpendicular and bisect each other at .
4. **Determine the positions of and :**
- Since is a rhombus and is on , one of or must be on and the other on . This ensures that the diagonals of are perpendicular and bisect each other at .
5. Analyze the parallelism and midpoint properties:
- The line segment must be parallel to and because the diagonals of are perpendicular and bisect each other at .
- Therefore, must be the midpoint of .
6. **Verify the equilateral triangle :**
- Since is the midpoint of , forms an equilateral triangle with .
- Given that the diagonals of are perpendicular, must be one of the vertices of , and the midpoint of must be the other vertex.
7. Conclusion:
- Since is on , and is one of the vertices of , exactly one of lies on one of .