Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 314 of 400 #914 of 2000

Problem 914

AIME late
Combinatorics Difficulty 5.8 Prove it

16.4. (VNR, 80). Space is divided into 5 non-intersecting non-empty sets. Prove that some plane has common points with at least 4 sets.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

16.4. Suppose, contrary to the statement of the problem, that any plane intersects no more than 3 sets. Let's choose points A,B,C,D,EA, B, C, D, E from different sets. Then no 4 of them lie in the same plane, and, consequently, no 3 lie on the same line. Further, some plane passes through any 3 of them, relative to which the other 2 points are located in different half-spaces (this property is possessed by at least one of the planes ABCA B C, ABDA B D, ABEA B E). Let this plane pass through points A,B,CA, B, C. The point FF of intersection with it of the line DED E belongs to one of the sets containing points A,B,CA, B, C, for example, the set containing point AA. Therefore, the plane passing through points D,ED, E, F,BF, B intersects no fewer than four sets. The resulting contradiction proves the validity of the statement of the problem.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.