Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral and K,L,M,N be points on [AB],[BC],[CD],[DA], respectively. Show that, 3s1+3s2+3s3+3s4≤23s where s1=Area(AKN), s2=Area(BKL), s3=Area(CLM), s4=Area(DMN) and s=Area(ABCD).
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Official solution
1. Identify the areas: Let s1=Area(AKN), s2=Area(BKL), s3=Area(CLM), and s4=Area(DMN). Let s=Area(ABCD).
2. Draw diagonals and midlines: Draw the diagonals AC and BD. The segments KL, LM, MN, and NK are midlines of △ABC, △BCD, △CDA, and △DAB respectively.
3. Calculate the sum of areas: Since KL, LM, MN, and NK are midlines, each of the areas s1,s2,s3,s4 is exactly half of the area of the corresponding triangle formed by the diagonals. Therefore, we have: s1+s2+s3+s4=2s
4. Apply Jensen's inequality: Jensen's inequality states that for a convex function f, the following holds: f(nx1+x2+⋯+xn)≤nf(x1)+f(x2)+⋯+f(xn) Here, we use the function f(x)=3x, which is concave for x≥0. Applying Jensen's inequality to the function f(x)=3x for the areas s1,s2,s3,s4, we get: 34s1+s2+s3+s4≤43s1+3s2+3s3+3s4
5. Substitute the sum of areas: Since s1+s2+s3+s4=2s, we have: 342s≤43s1+3s2+3s3+3s4 Simplifying the left-hand side: 38s≤43s1+3s2+3s3+3s4
6. Multiply both sides by 4: 4⋅38s≤3s1+3s2+3s3+3s4
7. Simplify the left-hand side: 4⋅38s=4⋅383s=4⋅23s=2⋅3s
8. Conclude the inequality: 3s1+3s2+3s3+3s4≤2⋅3s
The final answer is 3s1+3s2+3s3+3s4≤2⋅3s
Source: NuminaMath-1.5,
licensed Apache-2.0.
Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added
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