Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 286 of 300 #1686 of 1964

Problem 1686

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Algebra Difficulty 7.8 Prove it

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral and K,L,M,NK,L,M,N be points on [AB],[BC],[CD],[DA][AB],[BC],[CD],[DA], respectively. Show that,
s13+s23+s33+s432s3 \sqrt[3]{s_{1}}+\sqrt[3]{s_{2}}+\sqrt[3]{s_{3}}+\sqrt[3]{s_{4}}\leq 2\sqrt[3]{s}
where s1=Area(AKN)s_1=\text{Area}(AKN), s2=Area(BKL)s_2=\text{Area}(BKL), s3=Area(CLM)s_3=\text{Area}(CLM), s4=Area(DMN)s_4=\text{Area}(DMN) and s=Area(ABCD)s=\text{Area}(ABCD).

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. Identify the areas:
Let s1=Area(AKN) s_1 = \text{Area}(AKN) , s2=Area(BKL) s_2 = \text{Area}(BKL) , s3=Area(CLM) s_3 = \text{Area}(CLM) , and s4=Area(DMN) s_4 = \text{Area}(DMN) . Let s=Area(ABCD) s = \text{Area}(ABCD) .

2. Draw diagonals and midlines:
Draw the diagonals AC\overline{AC} and BD\overline{BD}. The segments KL\overline{KL}, LM\overline{LM}, MN\overline{MN}, and NK\overline{NK} are midlines of ABC\triangle ABC, BCD\triangle BCD, CDA\triangle CDA, and DAB\triangle DAB respectively.

3. Calculate the sum of areas:
Since KL\overline{KL}, LM\overline{LM}, MN\overline{MN}, and NK\overline{NK} are midlines, each of the areas s1,s2,s3,s4s_1, s_2, s_3, s_4 is exactly half of the area of the corresponding triangle formed by the diagonals. Therefore, we have:
s1+s2+s3+s4=s2 s_1 + s_2 + s_3 + s_4 = \frac{s}{2}

4. Apply Jensen's inequality:
Jensen's inequality states that for a convex function ff, the following holds:
f(x1+x2++xnn)f(x1)+f(x2)++f(xn)n f\left(\frac{x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n}{n}\right) \leq \frac{f(x_1) + f(x_2) + \cdots + f(x_n)}{n}
Here, we use the function f(x)=x3f(x) = \sqrt[3]{x}, which is concave for x0x \geq 0. Applying Jensen's inequality to the function f(x)=x3f(x) = \sqrt[3]{x} for the areas s1,s2,s3,s4s_1, s_2, s_3, s_4, we get:
s1+s2+s3+s443s13+s23+s33+s434 \sqrt[3]{\frac{s_1 + s_2 + s_3 + s_4}{4}} \leq \frac{\sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4}}{4}

5. Substitute the sum of areas:
Since s1+s2+s3+s4=s2s_1 + s_2 + s_3 + s_4 = \frac{s}{2}, we have:
s243s13+s23+s33+s434 \sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{s}{2}}{4}} \leq \frac{\sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4}}{4}
Simplifying the left-hand side:
s83s13+s23+s33+s434 \sqrt[3]{\frac{s}{8}} \leq \frac{\sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4}}{4}

6. Multiply both sides by 4:
4s83s13+s23+s33+s43 4 \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{s}{8}} \leq \sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4}

7. Simplify the left-hand side:
4s83=4s383=4s32=2s3 4 \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{s}{8}} = 4 \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{s}}{\sqrt[3]{8}} = 4 \cdot \frac{\sqrt[3]{s}}{2} = 2 \cdot \sqrt[3]{s}

8. Conclude the inequality:
s13+s23+s33+s432s3 \sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4} \leq 2 \cdot \sqrt[3]{s}

The final answer is s13+s23+s33+s432s3 \boxed{ \sqrt[3]{s_1} + \sqrt[3]{s_2} + \sqrt[3]{s_3} + \sqrt[3]{s_4} \leq 2 \cdot \sqrt[3]{s} }

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.