There is a board. (i.e. there are horizontal lines and vertical lines) A stone is put on an intersection of the lowest horizontal line. Now two players move this stone with the following rules.
(i) Each players move the stone to a neighboring intersection along a segment, by turns.
(ii) A segment, which is already passed by the stone, cannot be used more.
(iii) One who cannot move the stone anymore loses.
Prove that there is a winning strategy for the former player.
Problem 1387
Official solution
1. Initial Setup: Consider a board, which has horizontal lines and vertical lines. A stone is placed at an intersection on the lowest horizontal line.
2. First Move: The first player moves the stone up to point . This move effectively removes the bottom horizontal line from consideration, transforming the board into an square.
3. **Rectangle **: Consider a rectangle inscribed in the square, where the slopes of the lines forming the rectangle are either or . This rectangle is formed by the diagonals of the square.
4. Movement Strategy: The first player can always keep the stone inside (including the borders of) . This is because the first player can always move the stone to a neighboring intersection along a segment that has not been used before.
5. Vertex Degrees: In the rectangle , every point except the vertices , , and has an even degree. This means that each of these points can be entered and exited an even number of times, ensuring that the stone can continue to move.
6. Parity Argument: The first player can always move to vertices , , or first due to the parity of moves. Since the first player starts the game, they will always have the advantage of making the first move to these critical points.
7. Winning Condition: By moving to , , or first, the first player ensures that the second player will eventually be unable to make a move, thus securing the first player's victory.