Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 393 of 400 #1393 of 1964

Problem 1393

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 7.0 Prove it

Quadrilateral ABCDABCD is circumscribed about a circle Γ\Gamma and K,L,M,NK,L,M,N are points of tangency of sides AB,BC,CD,DAAB,BC,CD,DA with Γ\Gamma respectively. Let SKMLNS\equiv KM\cap LN. If quadrilateral SKBLSKBL is cyclic then show that SNDMSNDM is also cyclic.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. Using Newton's Theorem: Newton's theorem states that in a circumscribed quadrilateral, the two diagonals and the line segment joining the points of tangency of opposite sides are concurrent. Therefore, the diagonals ACAC and BDBD of quadrilateral ABCDABCD intersect at point SS.

2. **Cyclic Quadrilateral SKBLSKBL**: Given that quadrilateral SKBLSKBL is cyclic, we know that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180180^\circ. This implies:
KSL+KBL=180 \angle KSL + \angle KBL = 180^\circ

3. Tangency Points and Equal Segments: Since ABCDABCD is circumscribed about circle Γ\Gamma, the tangency points K,L,M,NK, L, M, N satisfy:
BK=BLandDM=DN BK = BL \quad \text{and} \quad DM = DN

4. Angle Bisector: Since BK=BLBK = BL, point BB is the midpoint of the arc KLKL in (SKL)\odot(SKL). This implies that line BDBD bisects KSL\angle KSL. Therefore:
KSB=LSB \angle KSB = \angle LSB

5. Angle Relationship: Since BDBD bisects KSL\angle KSL, we have:
KSB=LSBandKSL=2KSB \angle KSB = \angle LSB \quad \text{and} \quad \angle KSL = 2\angle KSB

6. **Cyclic Condition for SNDMSNDM**: To show that SNDMSNDM is cyclic, we need to show that MSN+MDN=180\angle MSN + \angle MDN = 180^\circ. Since DM=DNDM = DN, point DD is the midpoint of the arc MNMN in (SMN)\odot(SMN). This implies:
MSD=NSD \angle MSD = \angle NSD

7. Conclusion: Since DD is the midpoint of the arc MNMN in (SMN)\odot(SMN), it follows that:
MSN+MDN=180 \angle MSN + \angle MDN = 180^\circ
Therefore, quadrilateral SNDMSNDM is cyclic.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.